Then, protein alignment performed with MEGA X software to identify conserved domains until 229-mer sequences were identified. Peptides must have a low score below 20 to allow for the prevention of autoimmune (Himmah et al., 2016 Adianingsih and Kharisma, 2019).
Prediction of similarity with proteins in the cells of Homo sapiens is performed on vaccine candidate peptide via the Basic Local Alignment Protein Search Tool (BLASTp) ( ). Then we predicted the characteristics of candidate epitopes that can act as protective antigens using VaxiJen v2.0 web server ( ) (Hilyatuz et al., 2016 Ansori and Kharisma, 2020). Thus, the results are 3D models displayed in PyMol software (Himmah et al., 2016 Putra et al., 2020). Therefore, the epitope-based peptide vaccine is suggested as new potential candidates for effective vaccine of SARS-CoV-2. Synthetic recombinant proteins containing epitopes could be produced efficiently by using modern biotechnology methods (Oyarzn and Kobe, 2016). The progress in molecular biology and biotechnology is driving the construction of the novel concepts in vaccinology. New vaccine designs based on the protective antigens derived from SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. In addition, Callaway (2020) stated that approximately 90 vaccines are being developed against SARS-CoV-2 by research groups in universities and companies worldwide.įurthermore, scientists are trialing diverse technologies and some of which havent been used in a licensed vaccine before. This data refferring to online interactive dashboard hosted by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. However, further study is suggested for confirmation ( in vitro and in vivo ). Pep4 is capable of forming BCRFab molecular complexes with the lowest binding energy for activation of transduction signal the direct B-cell immune response. Pep4 has a high level of immunogenicity and does not trigger autoimmune mechanisms. Interestingly, we recommend Pep4 ADHQPQTFVNTELH as a epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate to deal with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
The B-cell epitope was identified using the immune epitope database (IEDB) web server. In addition, we used 58 SARS-CoV-2 isolates were retrieved from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), then aligned to obtain the conserved region of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In this study, we characterized the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 to obtain immunogenic epitopes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for designing a suitable peptide vaccine constituent against the SARS-CoV-2.
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